Sub-theme 32: Organizational Language Games: The Hidden Rules of Communication and Institutional Life
Call for Papers
Call
for short papers (pdf)
Organizations can be imagined as vibrant areas of human interplay, shaped and sustained
through language and often constituted by communicative acts. Whether in the carefully choreographed rituals of performance
reviews or the improvised exchanges of team meetings, in the strategic bluffing of competitive rivalry or the exuberant hype
surrounding new industries and technologies, organizational life is animated by communicative games whose stakes are anything
but trivial. Erving Goffman (1969) described actors’ moves and countermoves and their motives in everyday interactions as
expression games; Clifford Geertz (1972) used the Balinese cockfight, a particularly cruel sort of game, to ponder the broader
symbolism and social dynamics specific to a culture; and Michel Foucault (1987) probed into the ensemble of rules that justify
valid knowledge in games of truth. Studies of workplace games (e.g., Burawoy, 1982), organizational gamification (e.g., Butler
& Spoelstra, 2024), or “fun management” (Fleming & Sturdy, 2009) reveal the importance of games in forming community,
elevating status, promoting social cohesion and cooperation for some, while for others, they provide an opportunity for subversion
and resistance, as well as for reinforcing exclusion and competition (Cameron, 2022; Ybema & Horvers, 2017).
Central to organizational and institutional lives is what Wittgenstein (1953) calls language games (Sprachspiele). Here language is an active medium through which social realities are constituted, contested, and transformed, instead of a mere neutral tool that represents internal thoughts or external facts. Embedded in “forms of life,” language consists of contextual practices governed by explicitly or tacitly shared, though always potentially changing, rules. Language games describe how the meaning of words arises from their use within particular social activities bounded by conventions, expectations, and interpretive repertoires. In fact, modern organizations are constellations of interlocking language games played by diverse, human and nonhuman, actors. Using a language may thus involve performing speech acts (Austin, 1962), constructing sociality (Burke, 1966), and constituting organizational realities through situated communicative practice (Schoeneborn et al., 2019).
From this perspective, it becomes crucial to understand the specific habits, routines, scripts, rituals, and rhythms that govern organizational communication, to recognize them as rules, and to be aware of the status of the players in relation to them. Different professional groups, organizational units, and hierarchies play their respective and collective games with their own terminologies, grammars, and evaluative standards (Maguire & Hardy, 2009; Phillips & Oswick, 2012). Analyzing discourse, rhetorical tropes, narratives, and frames can reveal how linguistic play constrains and enables agency and social action (Green & Li, 2011). Linguistic forms and styles enable firms to manage identity threats (Wang et al., 2016), initiate change (Li, 2024), influence competitive dynamics (Guo et al., 2020), and adapt organizational culture (Srivastava et al., 2018). The unobtrusive language games also “play” us by shaping premises (Green et al., 2009; Harmon, 2019; Li, 2023) and operating as mythical truth (Li, 2017), thus fixing our “performance” and furnishing intended and unintended consequences as natural organizational and institutional realities. Semiotics is a particularly foundational approach for uncovering how signs, symbols, and multimodal artifacts operate as vehicles of institutional meaning (Li, 2017; Zhao, 2017), revealing the often-invisible rules that govern organizational language games.
When considering communicational rules, the dialogic turn in Management and Organization Studies (MOS) could be seen as providing a rulebook for organizational scholars by emphasizing the presence of plural voices that reciprocally navigate fluid organizational landscapes (Izak et al., 2024). The dynamic interlocutions among active human sense-makers allow the dialogic game to be meaningfully played, impacting organizational community-building, employee participation, and other dialogue-dependent phenomena. Yet, within this paradigm, certain “moves” prove more challenging. The habitual reproduction of formal scripts and taken-for-granted assumptions, such as those subject to (neo)normative control, often calls for an alternative rule set. These rules tend to revolve around monologic mechanisms that enable unilateral predefinition and solidification of meaning (Izak et al., 2022). Beyond explicit speech, silence, ambiguity, and nonverbal cues constitute their own communicative games, particularly in contexts of normative control. Awareness of these rules is a precondition for being a proficient player, or for participating meaningfully at all. What monologic and dialogic communicational games, or any combination of these, do people play in today’s workplace?
The games of language and communication are evolving with new and complex forms of hidden rules as digital platforms and algorithmic systems transmit, reformat, rank, and generate messages. McLuhan’s (1964) insight that the form of a medium influences the meaning and effect of a message is ever more relevant. Multimodal communication, where verbal, visual, aural, and spatial texts jointly shape what is perceived as legitimate and desirable, is growing in importance (Biscaro et al., 2025; Meyer et al., 2018). The role of generative artificial intelligence in management education (Izak et al., 2025) and organizational change (Oswick, 2024) warrants renewed interest in ontological and epistemological questions related to human-AI interactions, theoretical reflections on authorship, authenticity, and agency, and methodological experimentations on a range of analytical approaches to study texts, from qualitative analysis to computational linguistics and machine learning tools.
This sub-theme aims to foreground the plurality of communicative forms (dialogic, monologic, scripted, improvised) and the performativity and formative power of language in shaping organizing, power relations, and symbolic meaning making. We are particularly interested in how language games are played, resisted, or reconfigured within organizational contexts shaped by hierarchy, technological mediation, cultural diversity, and epistemic inequality. Likewise, examining the roles of the players or proposing innovative approaches to identifying the rules of these language games is of interest.
We especially welcome internationally and culturally diverse conceptual, empirical, and methodological contributions that engage with (but are not limited to) the following themes:
Dialogic language games: conflict and collaboration, control and resistance
Monologic language games: bureaucratic, autocratic, and (neo)normative settings
The politics of communicative competence: who gets to play, who sets the rules?
Theoretical, methodological, and/or empirical elaborations of language games
Silence, ambiguity, and nonverbal cues in workplace culture and normative control
AI and algorithmic agents as participants in organizational and institutional language games
Language games in organizational change and learning, among others, driven by digitalization and AI
Resistance, subversion, and counter-language games by marginalized groups
Differences in the rules of language games among markets, industries, and institutional arenas
Formal versus informal language games in organizations and institutions
Multimodal semiotic processes that underlie the rules of language games
Materiality, spatiality, and temporality of language games
We are deeply grateful to Cliff Oswick, Peter
Case, and Sierk Ybema for their generous guidance and invaluable input in developing this proposal.
References
- Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Harvard University Press.
- Biscaro, C., Bruni, E., Cornelissen, J., & Oswick, C. (2025). Metaphor and organization studies: Going beyond resonance to further theory and practice. Organization Studies, 46(5), 745–766.
- Burawoy, M. (1982). Manufacturing consent: Changes in the labor process under monopoly capitalism. University of Chicago Press.
- Burke, K. (1966). Language as symbolic action: Essays on life, literature, and method. University of California Press.
- Butler, N., & Spoelstra, S. (2024). “You just earned 10 points!”: Gaming and grinding in academia. Organization, 31(4), 720–730.
- Cameron, L. D. (2022). “Making out” while driving: Relational and efficiency games in the gig economy. Organization Science, 33(1), 231–252.
- Fleming, P., & Sturdy, A. (2009). “Just be yourself!” Towards neo‐normative control in organizations? Employee Relations, 31(6), 569–583.
- Foucault, M. (1987). The ethic of care for the self as a practice of freedom: An interview with Michel Foucault on January 20, 1984. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 12(2–3), 112–131.
- Geertz, C. (1972). Deep play: Notes on the Balinese cockfight. Daedalus, 101(1), 1–37. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20024056
- Goffman, E. (1969). Strategic interaction. University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Green, S. E., Jr., Li, Y., & Nohria, N. (2009). Suspended in self-spun webs of significance: A rhetorical model of institutionalization and institutionally embedded agency. Academy of Management Journal, 52(1), 11–36. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.36461725
- Green, S. E., Jr., & Li, Y. (2011). Rhetorical institutionalism: Language, agency, and structure in institutional theory since Alvesson 1993. Journal of Management Studies, 48(7), 1662–1697.
- Guo, W., Sengul, M., & Yu, T. (2020). Rivals’ negative earnings surprises, language signals, and firms’ competitive actions. Academy of Management Journal, 63(3), 637–659.
- Harmon, D. J. (2019). When the Fed speaks: Arguments, emotions, and the microfoundations of institutions. Administrative Science Quarterly, 64(3), 542–575.
- Izak, M., Case, P., & Ybema, S. (2022). Monologue and organization studies. Organization Studies, 43(9), 1507–1522.
- Izak, M., Case, P., & Ybema, S. (2024). Communication in organizations: An overview and provocations. International Journal of Management Reviews, 26(4), 628–648.
- Izak, M., Barros, A., Prasad, A., & Śliwa, M. (2025). Generative artificial intelligence and learning: At the dawn of Idiocracy? Management Learning, 56(3), 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505076251348575
- Li, Y. (2017). A semiotic theory of institutionalization. Academy of Management Review, 42(3), 520–547.
- Li, Y. (2023). Intentionality, not just agency: Bringing intended meaning back into the micro–macro institutionalization processes. Culture and Organization, 29(4), 271–297.
- Li, Y. (2024). China’s capitalist transformation: The rhetoric that mattered. Walter de Gruyter.
- Maguire, S., & Hardy, C. (2009). Discourse and deinstitutionalization: The decline of DDT. Academy of Management Journal, 52(1), 148–178.
- McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media—The extensions of man. MIT Press.
- Meyer, R. E., Jancsary, D., Höllerer, M. A., & Boxenbaum, E. (2018). The role of verbal and visual text in the process of institutionalization. Academy of Management Review, 43(3), 392–418.
- Oswick, C. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence and generative conversations: Contrasting futures for organizational change? The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 60(2), 225–229.
- Phillips, N., & Oswick, C. (2012). Organizational discourse: Domains, debates, and directions. Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 435–481.
- Schoeneborn, D., Kuhn, T. R., & Kärreman, D. (2019). The communicative constitution of organization, organizing, and organizationality. Organization Studies, 40(4), 475–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840618782284
- Srivastava, S. B., Goldberg, A., Manian, V. G., & Potts, C. (2018). Enculturation trajectories: Language, cultural adaptation, and individual outcomes in organizations. Management Science, 64(3), 1348–1364.
- Wang, T., Wezel, F. C., & Forgues, B. (2016). Protecting market identity: When and how do organizations respond to consumers’ devaluations? Academy of Management Journal, 59(1), 135–162.
- Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical investigations. Basil Blackwell.
- Ybema, S., & Horvers, M. (2017). Resistance through compliance: The strategic and subversive potential of frontstage and backstage resistance. Organization Studies, 38(9), 1233–1251.
- Zhao, W. (2017). Protest in style: Exploring multimodal concision in rhetorical artifacts. In M. A. Höllerer, T. Daudigeos, & D. Jancsary (Eds.), Multimodality, meaning, and institutions (Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vol. 54A, pp. 119–149). Emerald Publishing Limited.

